{"id":48508,"date":"2026-01-19T01:03:20","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T22:03:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/?post_type=articles&p=48508"},"modified":"2026-02-08T13:30:01","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T10:30:01","slug":"48508","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-48508\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"

.<\/span><\/p>\n

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.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

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1- \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629.
\n2- \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u00bb \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0648\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.
\n3- \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u00bb: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.
\n4- \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u00ab\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u00bb \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u064d \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626\u064d \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u063a\u062f\u064e\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n


\n\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: tkapiel@sci.cu.edu.eg<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":48512,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"tags":[15627,7372,5757,15613,15614],"class_list":["post-48508","articles","type-articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-15627","tag-tag-1623","tag-tag-4","tag-15613","tag-15614"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 - ARSCO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-48508\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 - 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