{"id":47824,"date":"2025-11-09T10:55:26","date_gmt":"2025-11-09T07:55:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/?post_type=articles&p=47824"},"modified":"2025-11-09T12:26:23","modified_gmt":"2025-11-09T09:26:23","slug":"%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%b3-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-47824\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0632 1953<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1953\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 Nature. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621: “We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid.”<\/p>\n

“\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a.”<\/span>\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629: A \u2013 T \u2013 C \u2013 G\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (Human Genome Project). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a (Personalized Medicine)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Population Genomics). \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064b\u0627<\/strong>.<\/span> \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0636\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n

1- \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n2- \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u0645\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064d \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064d \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u064d \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064d \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629:<\/span>
\n\u2022<\/span> \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.
\n\u2022<\/span> \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.
\n\u2022<\/span> \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/span>
\n\u2022<\/span> \u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629.
\n\u2022<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\n\u2022<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647. \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a: \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 DNA\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span> k.z.ahmed@minia.edu.eg<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0632\u0643\u064a <\/strong><\/span>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a (GPC)\u061b \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":47832,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"tags":[7678,7858,15525],"class_list":["post-47824","articles","type-articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-tag-1929","tag-tag-2109","tag-15525"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 - ARSCO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-47824\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 - ARSCO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\". \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1953\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629: \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (DNA). \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-47824\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ARSCO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-09T09:26:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Articles-Detail-7.jpg\" \/><meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-9-\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631-2025\u060c-10_47_34-\u0635.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-47824\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-47824\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 - 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