{"id":46600,"date":"2025-06-29T21:41:49","date_gmt":"2025-06-29T18:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/?post_type=articles&p=46600"},"modified":"2025-06-29T21:41:49","modified_gmt":"2025-06-29T18:41:49","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b7%d9%85%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-46600\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647\u060c \u0643\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/strong>: “<\/strong>\u0623\u064a\u0651\u064f \u063a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u064d \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u0629<\/strong>!<\/strong> \u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0647<\/strong>.”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 “\u0639\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0628” \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0628\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0651 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a<\/strong>: “\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c<\/strong> \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u061f<\/strong> \u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong>.<\/strong> \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b<\/strong>.<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u064c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064e\u0647\u0645\u064e \u0639\u062f\u0645\u0650 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b<\/strong>.”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064c \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064e \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a:<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c
\n\u0648\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c
\n\u0648\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c
\n\u0648\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064c \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.
\n\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064f \u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064d \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c
\n\u062b\u0645 \u0647\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629\u064b \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627:
\n“<\/strong>\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u0645<\/strong>“.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong>.<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 (1918\u20131996)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0651\u062c \u0645\u0646\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0645 1944\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/strong>. \u0623\u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/strong>\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 14 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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