{"id":45332,"date":"2025-02-16T09:41:32","date_gmt":"2025-02-16T06:41:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/?post_type=articles&#038;p=45332"},"modified":"2025-02-16T09:45:17","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T06:45:17","slug":"%d8%a8%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-45332\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 Agrobacterium tumefaciens \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 Rhizobiaceae\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;Crown Gall&#8221;. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 Ti-plasmid (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a). \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a Ti-plasmid \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 T-DNA \u0623\u0648 (Transfer DNA) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 T-DNA \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627 (GMOs) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644.<br \/>\n2. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n3. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644.<br \/>\n4. \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a T-DNA \u0628\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Agrobacterium tumefaciens\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-45333 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/878778-300x142.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"427\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/878778-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/878778.png 617w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629: \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Agrobacterium tumefaciens.<br \/>\n2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647: \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629.<br \/>\n3. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0638\u0644 Agrobacterium tumefaciens \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 CRISPR-Cas9 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Agrobacterium \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12626681\/\">Gelvin, S. B. (2003). &#8220;Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation: The biology behind the &#8216;gene jockeying&#8217; tool.<\/a><br \/>\n2. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6501860\/\">Hille, J., et al. (2016). &#8220;Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Mechanisms and applications in plant genetic engineering.<\/a><br \/>\n3. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/320526362_Agrobacterium_-Mediated_Plant_Transformation_Biology_and_Applications\">Pitzschke, A., et al. (2009). &#8220;The biology of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation.\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"direction: rtl;\"><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span> <a href=\"mailto:elmanama_144@yahoo.com\">elmanama_144@yahoo.com<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"72ReeC6YGf\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-45245\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; &#8212; ARSCO\" src=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-45245\/embed\/#?secret=It3fbMJ7yo#?secret=72ReeC6YGf\" data-secret=\"72ReeC6YGf\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"JB52qNVWvr\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-45193\/\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629&#8221; &#8212; ARSCO\" src=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-45193\/embed\/#?secret=7QUJmTa7zL#?secret=JB52qNVWvr\" data-secret=\"JB52qNVWvr\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"iKK1db1y2z\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-45112\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8221; &#8212; ARSCO\" src=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-45112\/embed\/#?secret=PfL9xKAsBj#?secret=iKK1db1y2z\" data-secret=\"iKK1db1y2z\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"tags":[15173,5851,15172],"class_list":["post-45332","articles","type-articles","status-publish","hentry","tag-15173","tag-tag-102","tag-15172"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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