{"id":16134,"date":"2022-01-09T12:39:50","date_gmt":"2022-01-09T12:39:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-32071\/"},"modified":"2024-09-18T23:14:15","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T20:14:15","slug":"article-detail-32071","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-16134\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0643 MOOC"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0643 MOOC<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644[1] .<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0643 MOOC<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 MOOC<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (MOOCs<\/span>) \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 -\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645- \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a MOOCs<\/span> \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Word Press<\/span> \u0648 Twitter<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Moodle<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 gRSShopper<\/span> \u0645\u0646 Stephen Downes<\/span>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (MOOCs<\/span>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a MOOCs<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 120.000 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0630\u062a \u062d\u0630\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 EdX<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 Coursera<\/span> \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u062c \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a Thrun Udacity<\/span>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 “\u0639\u0627\u0645 MOOC<\/span>” \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 New York Times (Pappano<\/span> 2012) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647. [5]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a MOOC<\/span>\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 500 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 107 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (MOOCs<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (MOOCs<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (MOOCs<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 cMOOCs<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 MOOCs<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648 xMOOCs<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (Siemens 2012) [2].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a MOOC<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 cMOOC<\/span> \/ \u0648 xMOOC<\/span> \u060c \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a MOOC<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n

1- Connectivist<\/span> \u0623\u0648 cMOOC<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629
\n–\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649
\n–\u00a0\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a
\n–\u00a0\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

2- xMOOC<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a)
\n–\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a
\n–\u00a0\u062e\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628
\n–\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a xMOOCs<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 cMOOCs<\/span> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627[6] .<\/span>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 cMOOC \/ xMOOC<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 SPOCs<\/span> (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a) \u0648VOOCs<\/span> (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a) \u0648SOOCs<\/span> (\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0640\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a) \u0648MOOCs<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0648MOOCs<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 (Baynes & Ross <\/span>\u060c 2014: 22)[6]<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (MOOCs<\/span>) \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 MOOCs<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 “\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 MOOC<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 (2014) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 MOOC<\/span>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649) \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 MOOC<\/span> \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 MOOC (cMOOC<\/span> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 xMOOC<\/span>)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 MOOC<\/span> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629) [4] .<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 MOOCs\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f MOOC<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 George Siemens<\/span> \u0648 Stephen Downes<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 MOOCs<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0631 MOOCs<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629[2]<\/span>\u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 UNED<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a MOOC<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 Coursera<\/span> \u0648 EdX<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 xMOOC<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 MOOC <\/span>\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628[5].\u00a0 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627: “\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a MOOCs<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629” (MOOCs @ Edinburgh Group<\/span> 2013)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a MOOCs<\/span>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 MOOCs<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a MOOC<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 MOOCs<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a[6]\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (MOOCs<\/span>) \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a [1] .<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (OER<\/span>)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 JISC<\/span> (\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (HEA<\/span>) \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2009 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2012\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a JISC JORUM<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a [2].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0643 MOOC OJS<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (MOOCs<\/span>)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2015) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a MOOC<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (MOOC<\/span>) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2014) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 152 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648 244 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 [6] MOOC<\/span>.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0640 MOOCs<\/span> \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a MOOC<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 MOOCs<\/span> \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a MOOC<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 (Hansen and Reich<\/span> 2015).<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 MOOC<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u200b\u200b\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (MOOCs<\/span>)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644 MOOC<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629[2]<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0643 MOOC<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0643\u0633 Edx<\/span>: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u06a4\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

2- \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627 Coursera<\/span>: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

3- \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0646 Future Learn<\/span>: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

4- \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a Udacity<\/span>: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639.<\/p>\n

5- \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0645 \u0622\u064a \u062a\u064a \u200b\u200b\u0623\u0648\u067e\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0631 MIT Open Course Ware<\/span>: \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644(MIT OCW<\/span>) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646[3].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646: <\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u064a\u0624\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 MOOCs<\/span> \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644MOOCs<\/span> \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645[4] .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 cMOOC<\/span> \u0648 xMOOC<\/span> \u0641\u064a MOOCs<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 MOOCs<\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 MOOCs<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 MOOCs<\/span> \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a MOOC<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Coursera<\/span> \u0648 EdX<\/span> \u0648 Udacity<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \/ \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u062c xMOOC<\/span> \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629[6] .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

2- \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3- \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0643.<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

5- \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

– Haggard, S., Brown, S., Mills, R., Tait, A., Warburton, S., Lawton, W., & Angulo, T. (2013). The Maturing of the MOOC<\/a>: literature review of massive open online courses and other forms of online distance learning<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– Hollands, F. M., & Tirthali, D. (2014). MOOCs: expectations and reality. Full report. Center for Benefit- Cost Studies of Education<\/a>, Teachers College, Columbia University, NY.<\/p>\n

– Pappano, L. (2012) \u2018The Year of the MOOC<\/a>\u2019. New York Times<\/em>, Nov<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:\u00a0<\/span>majmoapp@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

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