{"id":16112,"date":"2021-12-12T11:14:07","date_gmt":"2021-12-12T11:14:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-32044\/"},"modified":"2021-12-12T11:14:07","modified_gmt":"2021-12-12T11:14:07","slug":"article-detail-32044","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-16112\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 .. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

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     <\/p>\n

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    \"\"
    \n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 01<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

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    \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 … <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621<\/span>..<\/p>\n

    \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.  \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0627<\/span> .    <\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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    2-\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a \u0631\u0636\u0627-\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f<\/span>:<\/p>\n

    http:\/\/waqfeya.com\/book.php?bid=1565<\/p>\n

    3 –http:\/\/www.encyclopediehumanisme.com\/?%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.<\/a><\/p>\n

    4-\u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632\u060c  \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f01\u060c \u063705\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0635330<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    5- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 – \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 1947. \u0635100<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    6- \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u063562<\/span><\/p>\n

    7- \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1998\u0645. \u0635 239<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    8- Subhi Al-Azzawi La Maison de la Sagesse des Abbassides à Bagdad ou les débuts de l'Université. Traduit de l’anglais par Belqacem Marzouqi.P01. safe6035d75a38b66.jimcontent.com\/…\/la_maison_de_la_sagesse.pdf<\/p>\n

    9) http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/knowledgegate\/opinions\/2015\/12\/17<\/a>\/\u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645 11\/09\/2016<\/span><\/p>\n

    10) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644\u060c\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c\u062c01\u060c\u063702\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1992.\u0635210<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    11)\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c1961.\u0635159<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    12)\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646.1349.\u063514<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    13) \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u060c\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.\u063527<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    14) \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u063702 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c2005. \u063522<\/span><\/p>\n

    15)\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c\u063701\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1998\u0635 22-23<\/span><\/p>\n

    16) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c\u06371\u060c\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0644\u060c \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.2002.\u063588<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    17) \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 263-270<\/span><\/p>\n

    18) \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635776-880-989<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    (19) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u06351044<\/span> .<\/p>\n

    (20) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635544<\/span> .<\/p>\n

    (21) \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 \u0635 263-270<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    (22) \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635776-880-989<\/span><\/p>\n

    23) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0637\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063534<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    24) \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 270-271<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    (25) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c\u062a \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645\u060c\u062c1\u060c \u063701\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1996. \u0635 602 -607 \u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0635 1398<\/span> .<\/p>\n

    (26)\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2004.\u063523-71<\/span>.<\/p>\n

     (27) \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635116-734-239 (\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u0627\u0646)<\/span><\/p>\n

    ". https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki<\/a>\/)\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f_\u0628\u0646_\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649_\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a  (28<\/span>)<\/p>\n

    29) \u062e\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0635106 \u0625\u0644\u0649  \u0635109<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    30) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u063701\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1333\u0647\u060c \u0635378<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    31)  \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063591<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    32) \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.\u063543<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    33) \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063524<\/span><\/p>\n

    34) \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 3\u060c \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c 1430\u0647. (\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0632<\/span>)<\/p>\n

    35) \u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 269<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    36) \u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 163<\/span><\/p>\n

    37) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u060c \u063701\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.1996\u060c\u0635 5. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u060c\u0635220<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    38) \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.\u0635181<\/span><\/p>\n

    39) \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 \u063544-45<\/span><\/p>\n

    40)\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 \u0635 747-748<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    41) \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.\u0635 180<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: <\/span>djamel.annak@univ-tebessa.dz\u200b<\/a><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u064a\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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