{"id":16094,"date":"2021-11-08T23:05:21","date_gmt":"2021-11-08T23:05:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-32021\/"},"modified":"2021-11-08T23:05:21","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T23:05:21","slug":"article-detail-32021","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-16094\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062d\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1898\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644.<\/span> \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a> \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629.<\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1932<\/span><\/a>  \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a 4 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1934\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 1899-1902 \u0645\u0634\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 1500 \u0639\u0627\u0645.
\n <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span> Mohamed.abib@science.tanta.edu.eg<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u064a\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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