{"id":15976,"date":"2021-04-20T01:13:39","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T01:13:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-31900\/"},"modified":"2021-04-20T01:13:39","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T01:13:39","slug":"article-detail-31900","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15976\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1899 <\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963<\/li>\n
  3. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1971<\/li>\n
  4. \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1975<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

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    \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

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    \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646: "\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629".<\/p>\n

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    \n\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639) \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e). <\/p>\n

    \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n
    2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n
    3. \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n
    4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/li>\n
    5. \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n
    6. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a)<\/li>\n
    7. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/li>\n
    8. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a)\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/li>\n
      2. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/li>\n
      3. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/li>\n
      4. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a (\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631). [3]    <\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 50 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629). \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644(Facebook). \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a (\u0643\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647. <\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a (\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644) \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Fritzler, M. (1997): Ökologie und Umweltpolitik, die Organisation des Umweltschutz<\/span> (in English: Ecology and environmental policy, the organization of environmental protection, Bonn<\/span> .1997. <\/span>P. 71-75.)<\/span><\/li>\n
        2. Elsaleh, A. (2017): Die Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung in Syrien (UVP): Entwicklung, Rechtsgrundlagen, Institutionen und Praxis – im Vergleich zu Deutschland (in English: “The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Syria: development, legal bases, institutions and Practice – compared to Germany“), DepositOnce.Tu-berlin.de, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2017.<\/span> https:\/\/depositonce.tu-berlin.de\/handle\/11303\/7300<\/a><\/span>.  <\/span><\/li>\n
        3.  [UVP-Gesellschaft e. V. (20<\/span>20): Ziele und Aufgaben, Landesgruppen und Arbeitsgemeinschaften der UVP-Gesellschaft e. V. (in English: Aims<\/span> and tasks, regional groups and working groups of the EIA- Society). Oktober 2020. <\/span>https:\/\/www.uvp.de\/de\/<\/a><\/span>.  <\/span>
          \n\t <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n

          \u064a\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644
          \n\u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

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