{"id":15795,"date":"2020-08-05T11:17:59","date_gmt":"2020-08-05T11:17:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-1684\/"},"modified":"2020-08-05T11:17:59","modified_gmt":"2020-08-05T11:17:59","slug":"article-detail-1684","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15795\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#d89e30;\">&quot;<span dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span>&quot;<\/span><\/p>\n<p 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dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647&nbsp; <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646) \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f&nbsp; \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"RTL\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629&nbsp; \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/span>&nbsp;A. <span dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644: \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646&nbsp; \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649: \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#d89e30;\"><span dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"RTL\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&rlm;<\/span> (Cone cell)<span dir=\"RTL\">\u0623\u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><strong>&nbsp; <\/strong>(Cons)<span dir=\"RTL\">&rlm; \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0629 91 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"RTL\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646.&nbsp; \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646.&nbsp; \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#d89e30;\"><span dir=\"RTL\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0652\u062f\u0650\u062b\u064f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0628\u0627\u063a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0632\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (5 \u06407 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/span> rhodopsine&nbsp; <span dir=\"RTL\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/span> opsine <span dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/span> retinene <span dir=\"RTL\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0626\u064a\u062f<\/span> carotenoide <span dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/span> A <span dir=\"RTL\">\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644<\/span> retinol<span dir=\"RTL\">\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"RTL\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/span> iodopsine <span dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/span>. \u0648<span dir=\"RTL\">\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a 30 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2020 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643&nbsp; \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"RTL\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/span> Hummingbirds <span dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0644<\/span> (Selasphorus platycercus) <span dir=\"RTL\">\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"RTL\">\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 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\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 (\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646) \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639&nbsp; \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631&nbsp; \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"RTL\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"color:#d89e30;\"><span dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/117\/26\/15112\">Wild hummingbirds discriminate nonspectral colors<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/hummingbirds-can-see-colours-we-can-t-even-imagine-experiment-reveals\">www.sciencealert.com\/hummingbirds-can-see-colours-we-can-t-even-imagine-experiment-reveals<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n<span style=\"color:#d89e30;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span>&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:mohamedlabibsalem@yahoo.com\">mohamedlabibsalem@yahoo.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":777,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"tags":[13403,11597,13536,13535,9913],"class_list":["post-15795","articles","type-articles","status-publish","hentry","tag-13403","tag-11597","tag-13536","tag-13535","tag-tag-4164"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 - ARSCO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c 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