{"id":15745,"date":"2020-05-08T21:31:30","date_gmt":"2020-05-08T21:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-1627\/"},"modified":"2025-07-25T08:10:58","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T05:10:58","slug":"article-detail-1627","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0643 : \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a<span dir=\"LTR\">(Crank-rod system) <\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 634 \u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644&#8221;. \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8221; \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 274px; height: 496px; float: left;\" src=\"http:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/1080520091741.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a. \u0641\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0634\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u0641 \u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0649.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ul dir=\"rtl\">\n<li>\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: &#8221; \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627&#8221;\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ngalarabiya.com\/\">NATIONAL GEOGRAPIC<\/a>\u00a0<span dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">.<\/span>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ffd700;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"mailto:info@arsco.org\">info@arsco.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"tags":[11261,13451,5886],"class_list":["post-15745","articles","type-articles","status-publish","hentry","tag-11261","tag-13451","tag-tag-137"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0643 : \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 - ARSCO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0643 : \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 - ARSCO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ARSCO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-25T05:10:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/d080520093130-1.jpg\" \/><meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/1080520091741.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15745\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15745\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0643 : \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 - ARSCO\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15745\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15745\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/EditorImages\\\/NewImages\\\/1080520091741.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-08T21:31:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-25T05:10:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15745\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15745\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15745\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/EditorImages\\\/NewImages\\\/1080520091741.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/EditorImages\\\/NewImages\\\/1080520091741.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15745\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0643 : \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"ARSCO\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0643 : \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 - ARSCO","description":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0643 : \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 - ARSCO","og_description":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d.","og_url":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/","og_site_name":"ARSCO","article_modified_time":"2025-07-25T05:10:58+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/d080520093130-1.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""},{"url":"http:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/1080520091741.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/","url":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/","name":"\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0643 : \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 - ARSCO","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/1080520091741.jpg","datePublished":"2020-05-08T21:31:30+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-25T05:10:58+00:00","description":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/1080520091741.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/1080520091741.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15745\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0643 : \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/","name":"ARSCO","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles\/15745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/articles"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}