{"id":15411,"date":"2018-06-25T10:43:45","date_gmt":"2018-06-25T10:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-1153\/"},"modified":"2025-07-25T08:56:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T05:56:09","slug":"article-detail-1153","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15411\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0629.. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1974 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0643 \u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a <span dir=\"LTR\">Oak Ridge National Laboratory <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1977 \u062d\u062a\u0649 1979 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1980 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062f. \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 180 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 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\u00ab\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0644\u00bb \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<span dir=\"LTR\">.\u00a0 <\/span>\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0646: \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #d89e30;\">\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul dir=\"rtl\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/physics.illinois.edu\/people\/directory\/profile\/m-nayfeh\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0647<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nanositech.com\/munir-nayfeh-cv.php\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <span dir=\"LTR\">Nanosi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9\"><span dir=\"LTR\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hazemsakeek.net\/ar\/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9\/\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0629 .. \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #d89e30;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span> <span dir=\"RTL\"><a href=\"mailto:abualihakim@gmail.com\"><span 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