{"id":15359,"date":"2018-02-12T13:10:20","date_gmt":"2018-02-12T13:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-1058\/"},"modified":"2018-02-12T13:10:20","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T13:10:20","slug":"article-detail-1058","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15359\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 128, 128);\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (<span dir=\"LTR\">3D Printing<\/span>) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0636\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a &quot;\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629!<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/1120218123212.jpg\" style=\"margin: 5px; width: 430px; height: 290px; float: left;\" \/>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 <span dir=\"LTR\">Additive Manufacturing<\/span>) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 (\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f). \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 (<span dir=\"LTR\">injection moulding<\/span>) \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/2120218123516.jpg\" style=\"margin: 5px; width: 438px; height: 172px; float: left;\" \/>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (<span dir=\"LTR\">AutoCad<\/span>)\u060c (<span dir=\"LTR\">Solid Works<\/span>) \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 (<span dir=\"LTR\">Sketchup<\/span>) \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 (<span dir=\"LTR\">STL<\/span>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"299\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/3120218123551.jpg\" style=\"margin: 5px; float: left;\" width=\"437\" \/><span style=\"color: rgb(216, 158, 48);\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0632\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 (<span dir=\"LTR\">monomer<\/span>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643 (<span dir=\"LTR\">Acrylics<\/span>). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 (<span dir=\"LTR\">vat polymerisation<\/span>) \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0640 (<span dir=\"LTR\">stereolithography &#8211; SLA<\/span>) \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(216, 158, 48);\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 (<span dir=\"LTR\">SLA<\/span>)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 (<span dir=\"LTR\">powder<\/span>) \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/4120218123637.jpg\" style=\"margin: 5px; width: 463px; height: 298px; float: left;\" \/>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 (<span dir=\"LTR\">Selective Laser Melting &#8211; SLM<\/span>). \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(216, 158, 48);\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 (<span dir=\"LTR\">nylon powder<\/span>) \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 (<span dir=\"LTR\">SLM<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 (<span dir=\"LTR\">Selective Laser Sintering &#8211; SLS<\/span>) \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(216, 158, 48);\">\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (<span dir=\"LTR\">open source<\/span>) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (<span dir=\"LTR\">software<\/span>) \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 (<span dir=\"LTR\">hardware designs<\/span>) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"278\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EditorImages\/NewImages\/5120218123709.jpg\" style=\"margin: 5px; float: left;\" width=\"432\" \/>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640 (<span dir=\"LTR\">Fused Deposition Modelling &#8211; FDM<\/span>) \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5. \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (<span dir=\"LTR\">joule heating<\/span>) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 (<span dir=\"LTR\">stepper motors<\/span>) \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (<span dir=\"LTR\">University of Bath<\/span>) \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (<span dir=\"LTR\">RepRap<\/span>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 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\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 (<span dir=\"LTR\">scaffold<\/span>) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639. \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>Centre for Additive Manufacturing, University of Nottingham-UK<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/admt.201700134\/full\">Saleh et. al., Advanced Materials technologies, 2017, 2 (10), 1700134<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/nl4007744\">Mannoor et. al.<span dir=\"RTL\">\u060c<\/span> Nano Letters<span dir=\"RTL\">\u060c<\/span> 2013<span dir=\"RTL\">\u060c<\/span> 13 (6), 2634<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(216, 158, 48);\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/span> <a href=\"mailto:Ehab.saleh@nottingham.ac.uk\">Ehab.saleh@nottingham.ac.uk<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"tags":[11336,12656,12658,12657,12659],"class_list":["post-15359","articles","type-articles","status-publish","hentry","tag-11336","tag-12656","tag-12658","tag-12657","tag-12659"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 - ARSCO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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