{"id":15254,"date":"2017-10-07T13:41:49","date_gmt":"2017-10-07T13:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-913\/"},"modified":"2017-10-07T13:41:49","modified_gmt":"2017-10-07T13:41:49","slug":"article-detail-913","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15254\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#008080;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0643\u064a <span dir=\"LTR\">Isamu Akasaki<\/span>\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 <span dir=\"LTR\">Hiroshi Amano<\/span> \u0648\u0634\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627 <span dir=\"LTR\">Shuji Nakamura<\/span> \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 <span dir=\"LTR\">&#8211;<\/span> &nbsp;\u0625\u0646\u0647 (<span dir=\"LTR\">LED<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 &nbsp;\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b &nbsp;\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d <span dir=\"LTR\">LED<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span> \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d <span dir=\"LTR\">LED<\/span> \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: 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\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639. \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 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\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0648 <span dir=\"LTR\">Shikoku<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d <span dir=\"LTR\">LED<\/span> \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#d89e30;\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a <span dir=\"LTR\">LED<\/span>\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0636 <span dir=\"LTR\">flux <\/span>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646 <span dir=\"LTR\">lumen<\/span> ) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637). \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0648\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0632\u062d \u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062c\u064a. \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f <span dir=\"LTR\">Henry J. Round<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1907\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1909\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0641 <span dir=\"LTR\">Oleg V. Losev<\/span> \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 <span dir=\"LTR\">prerequisites<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <span dir=\"LTR\">electroluminescence<\/span>. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 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\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 <span dir=\"LTR\">P<\/span>\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635: \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639<span dir=\"LTR\"> P <\/span>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 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\u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 <span dir=\"LTR\">LED<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062f. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u061b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d <span dir=\"LTR\">LED<\/span>\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a <span dir=\"LTR\">LCD<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#d89e30;\">\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#d89e30;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d <span dir=\"LTR\">LED<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n<ul dir=\"rtl\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d <span dir=\"LTR\">LED<\/span>\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/physics\/laureates\/2014\/popular-physicsprize2014.pdf\"><span style=\"color:#d89e30;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":11914,"menu_order":1663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"tags":[12470,11145],"class_list":["post-15254","articles","type-articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-12470","tag-11145"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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