{"id":15245,"date":"2017-10-07T13:14:41","date_gmt":"2017-10-07T13:14:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/articles\/article-detail-902\/"},"modified":"2017-10-07T13:14:41","modified_gmt":"2017-10-07T13:14:41","slug":"article-detail-902","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#008080;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 <span dir=\"LTR\">Nature Arabic Edition<\/span>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 <span dir=\"LTR\">Nature<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2012\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (<a href=\"http:\/\/arabicedition.nature.com\"><span dir=\"LTR\">arabicedition.nature.com<\/span><\/a>)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 10000 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 &quot;\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<span dir=\"LTR\">&quot; KACST<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (<a href=\"http:\/\/arabicedition.nature.com\/terminology\"><span dir=\"LTR\">arabicedition.nature.com\/terminology<\/span><\/a>).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#d89e30;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &quot;\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a&quot;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f: &quot;\u062d\u0631\u0635\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629&quot;. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<span dir=\"LTR\"> KAUST <\/span>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0632\u0652\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u061b \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<span dir=\"LTR\">. <\/span>&nbsp;\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0632\u0652\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u061b \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0650\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629&quot;\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span> \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0640\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u061b \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629&quot; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a&quot; \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648&quot;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a&quot;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u064e\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0650\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"rtl\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/arabicedition.nature.com\/specials\/future-arab-science\">\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#d89e30;\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 &quot;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&quot; <span dir=\"LTR\">Nature Publishing Group<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &quot;\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 <span dir=\"LTR\">Nature<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1869)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<span dir=\"LTR\"> Scientific American <\/span>(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1854). \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 85 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 &quot;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&quot; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 &quot;\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a&quot; \u0648 &quot;\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&quot;\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/nature.com\"><span dir=\"LTR\">nature.com<\/span><\/a> \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a &quot;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&quot; \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <span dir=\"LTR\">NatureJobs<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#d89e30;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: <\/span><a href=\"mailto:tarekkapiel@hotmail.com\">tarekkapiel@hotmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":11851,"menu_order":1624,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"tags":[12455,11145],"class_list":["post-15245","articles","type-articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-12455","tag-11145"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a - ARSCO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a - ARSCO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Nature Arabic Edition\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 Nature \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2012\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ARSCO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/circle5090539_1920190722115109.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15245\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15245\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a - ARSCO\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15245\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15245\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/circle5090539_1920190722115109.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-10-07T13:14:41+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15245\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15245\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15245\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/circle5090539_1920190722115109.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/circle5090539_1920190722115109.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1316},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/article-detail-15245\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"ARSCO\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/arsco.org\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a - ARSCO","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a - ARSCO","og_description":"\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Nature Arabic Edition\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 Nature \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2012\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/","og_site_name":"ARSCO","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/circle5090539_1920190722115109.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/","url":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/","name":"\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a - ARSCO","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/circle5090539_1920190722115109.jpg","datePublished":"2017-10-07T13:14:41+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/circle5090539_1920190722115109.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/circle5090539_1920190722115109.jpg","width":1920,"height":1316},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/articles\/article-detail-15245\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/","name":"ARSCO","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles\/15245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/articles"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15245"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsco.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}